辅助IP来源于Linux之中，Linux的系统网卡可以支持多IP的绑定，而辅助IP多用于解耦解决服务之间的兼容性问题，常见的应用场景有：虚拟IP，高可用飘逸、永久临时IP解耦使用，下面良许教程网为大家介绍一下Linux系统添加辅助 IP 地址具体方法。
如何在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 中添加临时辅助 IP 地址
在系统中添加 IP 地址之前，运行以下任一命令即可验证服务器主 IP 地址：
# ifconfig 或 # ip addr # ip addr eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:98:b7:36 inet addr:192.168.56.150 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:b736/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:105 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:902 (902.0 B) TX bytes:16423 (16.4 KB) eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:6a:cf:d3 inet addr:10.0.3.15 Bcast:10.0.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe6a:cfd3/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:146 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:8698 (8.6 KB) TX bytes:17047 (17.0 KB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:25 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:25 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 RX bytes:1730 (1.7 KB) TX bytes:1730 (1.7 KB)
如我所见，服务器主 IP 地址是 192.168.56.150，我将下一个 IP 192.168.56.151 作为辅助 IP，使用以下方法完成：
# ip addr add 192.168.56.151/24 broadcast 192.168.56.255 dev eth0 label eth0:1
输入以下命令以检查新添加的 IP 地址。如果你重新启动服务器，那么新添加的 IP 地址会消失，因为我们的 IP 是临时添加的。
# ip addr 1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:98:b7:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.56.150/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.56.151/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global secondary eth0:1 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:b736/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:6a:cf:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global eth1 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe6a:cfd3/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
如何在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 中添加永久辅助 IP 地址
要在 Ubuntu 系统上添加永久辅助 IP 地址，只需编辑 /etc/network/interfaces 文件并添加所需的 IP 详细信息。
# vi /etc/network/interfaces # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.56.150 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.56.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255 gateway 192.168.56.1 auto eth0:1 iface eth0:1 inet static address 192.168.56.151 netmask 255.255.255.0
保存并关闭文件，然后重启网络接口服务。
# service networking restart 或 # ifdown eth0:1 && ifup eth0:1
验证新添加的 IP 地址：
# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:98:b7:36 inet addr:192.168.56.150 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:b736/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:84 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:962 (962.0 B) TX bytes:11905 (11.9 KB) eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:98:b7:36 inet addr:192.168.56.151 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:6a:cf:d3 inet addr:10.0.3.15 Bcast:10.0.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe6a:cfd3/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4924 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3185 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4037636 (4.0 MB) TX bytes:422516 (422.5 KB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 中临时添加辅助 IP 地址
正如本文开头所述，网络接口名称从 Ubuntu 15.10 就开始从 ‘ethX’ 更改为 ‘enXXXX’ (enp0s3)，所以，替换你的接口名称。
在执行此操作之前，先检查系统上的 IP 信息：
# ifconfig 或 # ip addr enp0s3: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet 192.168.56.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe97:132e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 ether 08:00:27:97:13:2e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 7 bytes 420 (420.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 294 bytes 24747 (24.7 KB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 enp0s8: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.3.15 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.3.255 inet6 fe80::344b:6259:4dbe:eabb prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 ether 08:00:27:12:e8:c1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 1 bytes 590 (590.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 97 bytes 10209 (10.2 KB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73 mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 325 bytes 24046 (24.0 KB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 325 bytes 24046 (24.0 KB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
如我所见，服务器主 IP 地址是 192.168.56.201，所以，我将下一个 IP 192.168.56.202 作为辅助 IP，使用以下命令完成。
# ip addr add 192.168.56.202/24 broadcast 192.168.56.255 dev enp0s3
运行以下命令来检查是否已分配了新的 IP。当你重启机器时，它会消失。
# ip addr 1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: enp0s3: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:97:13:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.56.201/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.56.202/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global secondary enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe97:132e/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: enp0s8: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:12:e8:c1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global dynamic enp0s8 valid_lft 86353sec preferred_lft 86353sec inet6 fe80::344b:6259:4dbe:eabb/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 中添加永久辅助 IP 地址
要在 Ubuntu 系统上添加永久辅助 IP 地址，只需编辑 /etc/network/interfaces 文件并添加所需 IP 的详细信息。
我们不应该在 dns-nameservers 行之后添加辅助 IP 地址，因为它不会起作用，应该以下面的格式添加 IP 详情。
此外，我们不需要添加子接口（我们之前在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 中的做法）：
# vi /etc/network/interfaces # interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8) auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto enp0s3 iface enp0s3 inet static address 192.168.56.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 iface enp0s3 inet static address 192.168.56.202 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.56.1 network 192.168.56.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 dns-search 2daygeek.local
保存并关闭文件，然后重启网络接口服务：
# systemctl restart networking 或 # ifdown enp0s3 && ifup enp0s3
运行以下命令来检查是否已经分配了新的 IP：
# ip addr 1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: enp0s3: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:97:13:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.56.201/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.56.202/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global secondary enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe97:132e/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: enp0s8: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:12:e8:c1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global dynamic enp0s8 valid_lft 86353sec preferred_lft 86353sec inet6 fe80::344b:6259:4dbe:eabb/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
让我来 ping 一下新 IP 地址：
# ping 192.168.56.202 -c 4 PING 192.168.56.202 (192.168.56.202) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.019 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.087 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms --- 192.168.56.202 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3068ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.019/0.045/0.087/0.026 ms
至此关于Linux系统添加辅助 IP 地址教程介绍结束，大家如果还有相关问题可以通过评论区将问题提交给我们。
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