学校有新旧两个校区,每个校区是一个独立的局域网,为了使新旧校区能够正常相互通讯,共享资源。每个校区出口利用一台路由器进行连接,两台路由器间学校申请了一条 2M的 DDN 专线进行相连,要求做适当配置实现两个校区的正常相互访问。
技术原理
路由器属于网络层设备,能够根据 IP 包头的信息,选择一条最佳路径,将数据包转发出去。实现不同网段的服务器之间的互相访问。路由器是根据路由表进行选路和转发的。而路由表里就是由一条条路由信息组成。 生成路由表主要有两种方法:手工配置和动态配置,即静态路由协议配置和动态路由协议配置。 静态路由是指有网络管理员手工配置的路由信息。 静态路由除了具有简单、高效、可靠的优点外,它的另一个好处是网络安全保密性高。 缺省路由可以看做是静态路由的一种特殊情况。当数据在查找路由表时,没有找到和目标相匹配的路由表项时,为数据指定路由。
实验步骤
(1)在路由器 R1、R2 上配置接口的 IP 地址和 R1 串口上的时钟频率 (2)查看路由器生成的直连路由 (3)在路由器 R1、R2 上配置静态路由 (4)验证 R1、R2 上的静态路由配置 (5)将 PC1、PC2 服务器默认网关分别设置为路由器接口 fa 1/0 的 IP 地址 (6)PC1、PC2 服务器之间可以相互通信
实验设备
pc 2 台;Router-PT 可扩展路由 2 台(Router_2811 无 V.35 线接口);Switch_2960 2 台; DCE 串口线;直连线;交叉线
PC1 IP: 192.168.1.2 Submask: 255.255.255.0 Gateway: 192.168.1.1 PC2 IP: 192.168.2.2 Submask: 255.255.255.0 Gateway: 192.168.2.1 R1 en conf t hostname R1 int fa 1/0 no shut ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 exit int serial 2/0 no shut ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 clock rate 64000 #必须配置时钟速率才可通信,单位为bps,bps比特率是指每秒传送的比特(bit)数。单位为 bps(Bit Per Second),比特率越高,每秒传送数据就越多。 end R2 en conf t hostname R2 int fa 1/0 no shut ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 exit int serial 2/0 ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 no shut end R1 en conf t ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 end show ip route R2 en conf t ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 end show ip route
实战演练
配置路由器 R1 Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no Press RETURN to get started! Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R1 R1(config)#int fa 1/0 R1(config-if)#no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#int serial 2/0 R1(config-if)#no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000 R1(config-if)#end R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R1# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up R2 Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no Press RETURN to get started! Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R2 R2(config)#int fa 1/0 R2(config-if)#no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#int serial 2/0 R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shut %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up R2(config-if)#end R2# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R2# %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up R2# 添加路由 R1 R1>en R1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 R1(config)#end R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 R1# R2 R2>en R2#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 R2(config)#end R2# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R2#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 R2#
测试
PC1 ping PC2 PC>ipconfig IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1 PC>ping 192.168.2.2 Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=25ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=27ms TTL=126 Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 25ms, Maximum = 28ms, Average = 26ms PC>ping 192.168.2.2 Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=33ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=29ms TTL=126 Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 28ms, Maximum = 33ms, Average = 29ms PC2 ping PC1 PC>ipconfig IP Address......................: 192.168.2.2 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.2.1 PC>ping 192.168.1.2 Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=26ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=27ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=28ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=126 Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 24ms, Maximum = 28ms, Average = 26ms
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